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The red wolf (Canis lupus rufus or Canis rufus) is a canine native to the southeastern United States which has a reddish-tawny color to its fur. Morphologically it is intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is very closely related to the eastern wolf of eastern Canada.

The red wolf’s proper taxonomic classification — in essence, whether it is an admixture of wolf and coyote or a third, distinct species — has been contentious for well over a century and is still under debate. Because of this, it is sometimes excluded from endangered species lists despite its critically low numbers. Under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service currently recognizes the red wolf as an endangered species and grants protected status. Canis rufus is not listed in the CITES Appendices of endangered species. Since 1996 the IUCN has listed it as a critically endangered species.
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Attachment behaviour in wolves
Wolves are animals which live in social groups referred to as packs and are known for forming affiliative bonds with others in their packs. Wolves in packs are known for initiating play with one another. It has been observed that wolves initiating play are not doing so randomly. It may be a reflection of the relationships present in the pack and will reflect the tension, cooperation, and competition present. Tensions are noted to become higher around breeding session where the cost and benefits are weighed against each other. Female wolves are known for being the main initiators of affiliative interactions though a small percentage of males will initiate affiliative interactions. The omega male was not a target of any affiliative interaction. In other studies researchers have separated the most dominant wolf and the most subordinate wolves. It was recorded that the dominant wolf spent less time sleeping and showed more behavioural stress compared to the omega wolf. The dominant wolf was reported to rest in the section of his enclosure closest to his pack. It has been noted by researchers that the younger subordinate wolves seem to have less attachment to their pack compared to their higher ranking compatriots.

Wolves’ cooperation is essential for tasks such as hunting and protecting young though the level of attachment present in the pack are not necessarily equal. It should noted that the majority of wolves are known for dispersing from their birth pack, this makes measuring attachment behaviour present in the packs to be difficult. Though there are cases in which when wolves leave their pack they accompany siblings with the same sex as them. This behaviour has been mentioned to be a form of adaptive behaviour that benefits both pack mates in future conflict.

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