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The maned wolf is not considered an endangered species by the IUCN because of its wide geographical distribution and adaptability to man-made environments. But their populations have been declining and the species may be in some threat category soon, so the IUCN classifies it as a near-threatened species. Until 1996 the maned wolf was a vulnerable species by the IUCN. It is also listed in CITES Appendix II, which does not characterize it as threatened but notes that if there are no conservation measures, the species may fall into some category of threat in the future. The ICMBio list in Brazil that follows the same IUCN criteria considers the wolf to be a vulnerable species. By these same criteria, the Brazilian state lists also consider it more problematic: it is a vulnerable species in the lists of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, while in the lists of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul the maned wolf is considered as “endangered” and “critically endangered” respectively. In Uruguay, although there is no such list as Brazil and IUCN, it is regarded as a species with “priority” for conservation. In Argentina it is not considered to be in critical danger, but it is recognized that its populations are declining and are fragmented. The situation of the maned wolf in Bolivia and Paraguay is uncertain. Even with these uncertainties the maned wolf is protected against hunting in all countries.
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Cases of rabid wolves are low when compared to other species, as wolves do not serve as primary reservoirs of the disease, but can be infected by animals such as dogs, jackals and foxes. Incidents of rabies in wolves are very rare in North America, though numerous in the eastern Mediterranean, the Middle East and Central Asia. Wolves apparently develop the “furious” phase of rabies to a very high degree. This, coupled with their size and strength, makes rabid wolves perhaps the most dangerous of rabid animals.[219] Bites from rabid wolves are 15 times more dangerous than those of rabid dogs.[222] Rabid wolves usually act alone, travelling large distances and often biting large numbers of people and domestic animals. Most rabid wolf attacks occur in the spring and autumn periods. Unlike with predatory attacks, the victims of rabid wolves are not eaten, and the attacks generally occur only on a single day. The victims are chosen at random, though most cases involve adult men. During the fifty years up to 2002, there were eight fatal attacks in Europe and Russia, and more than two hundred in southern Asia.[219]

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